Make Precis -3 Steps to Make a Preci in English
Making a precis of the passage is not an easy task, but you can make it by making practice and practice. Try to follow 3 steps to make a good precis.
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Step 1
Exercise No 1
Read the passage and mark the passage within the passage
At present Pakistan is faced with an extreme shortage of energy
crisis and no basic means of energy is available in sufficient quantity to
overcome this miserable deficiency. 90% of the required oil is imported. Gas
reserves have almost reduced to the extent that even 25% of gas requirement is
not being met and load shedding of gas has to be resorted to again and over
again. On the other hand, no country is willing to supply an atomic plant to
Pakistan. Under these worst circumstances, Pakistan can construct neither a
thermal nor a nuclear power station but can only construct a hydroelectric power
station which is her need as a well as compulsion and there is no other
alternative available to use which can meet our energy requirements. (125
words)
Step 2
Underline the keywords:
At present Pakistan is faced with an extreme shortage of energy crisis and no basic means of energy is available in sufficient quantity to overcome this miserable deficiency. 90% of the required oil is imported. Gas reserves have almost reduced to the extent that even 25% of gas requirement is not being met and load shedding of gas has to be resorted to again and over again. On the other hand, no country is willing to supply an atomic plant to Pakistan. Under these worst circumstances, Pakistan can construct neither a thermal nor a nuclear power station but can only construct a hydroelectric power station which is her need as a well as compulsion and there is no other alternative available to use which can meet our energy requirements. (125 words)
Main Points:
an extreme shortage of energy
energy is available insufficient
oil and gas are imported
no country is willing to supply an atomic plant
construction of neither a thermal nor a nuclear power station
construction of a hydroelectric power plant
to meet our energy requirements
Step 3
First Precis
Pakistan is undergoing a shortage of energy crisis due to
insufficient natural resources. Pakistan has to import oil and gas to produce
electricity in sufficient quantities. No country helps Pakistan to construct an atomic plant. To overcome this unavoidable crisis Pakistan needs to construct a
hydroelectric power station to meet the necessities. (52 words)
Step 3
Final Precis
Pakistan is undergoing a shortage of energy crisis due to
insufficient natural resources. Oil and gas are to be imported to produce
electricity. To overcome this crisis, Pakistan, without any assistance, needs
to construct a hydroelectric power station to meet the necessities. (42
words)
Title:
A solution to Alleviate Energy Crisis in Pakistan
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Exercise No 2
Fortunately, there is a very considerable amount of work
in which new circumstances call for a new skill and a man can go on improving
it. In some kinds of skilled work, such as politics, for example, it seems that
men are at their best between sixty and seventy, the reason being that in such
occupations a wide range of experience of other men is essential. For this
reason, successful politicians are apt to be happier at the age of seventy than
any other men of equal age. There is, however, another element possessed by the
best work, which is even more important as a source of happiness than is the
exercise of skill. This is the element of constructiveness. In some work,
though by no means in most, something is built up which remains as a monument
when the work is completed. (142 words)
Second Step
There is a considerable amount of work which demands
improvement. Every day
new circumstances require new skills.
Experience does matter to achieve success in life.
A Constructive piece of work is a source of happiness, and
work brings pleasure when it is completed.
(41 words)
Final Step
There is a piece of work that demands refinement. Every day new
circumstances require new skills. Experience does matter to achieve success in
life. A productive piece of work is a source of happiness, and it brings pleasure
when it is done.
(40 words)
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First Draft
Before giving a decision the Judge has viewed all the facts and the Court of Appeal
cannot review his order unless he is shown to have applied a wrong principle.
The Court can examine the relevant facts in order to exercise discretion to
review. During hearing matters, the judge might have independent supervision. Dialogues regarding orders of the judge have decisive importance
on the final issue of the case and one which requires a careful examination by
the court of appeal.
Final Precis
It is imperative that the Court of Appeals not interfere to evaluate the judge’s final verdict unless he uses any wrong principle
in his decision. However, the Court has the right to examine the relevant decision which may inverse
the order. Otherwise, in dialogues, the judge might be regarded as independent of
command. The Court has the right to review the verdict if it finds any mishandling
in the case. (68 Words)
Title:
Jurisdiction of the Judge in the Final Verdict
Passage No 3
It is clear that the Court of Appeal should not interfere with the discretion of a judge acting within his jurisdiction unless the Court is clearly satisfied that he was wrong. But the Court is not entitled simply to say that if the judge had jurisdiction and had all the facts before him, the Court of Appeal cannot review his order unless he is shown to have applied a wrong principle. The Court must, if necessary, examine the relevant facts and circumstances in order to exercise discretion by way of review which may reverse or vary the order. Otherwise in interlocutory matters, the judge might be regarded as independent of supervision Yet an interlocutory order of the judge may often be of decisive importance on the final issue of the case and one which requires a careful examination by the court of appeal. Thus in Gardner v. Jay, Bowen LJ, in discussing the discretion of the judge as regards the mode of trial says: “The discretion, like all other judicial discretions, must be exercised according to common sense and according to justice, and if there is miscarriage in the exercise of it, it will be reviewed.” (195 words)
The Court of Appeal should not interfere with the discretion of a judge who has authority unless it finds him wrong.
Passage No 4
Happiness is like a butterfly that delights us for a brief moment.
These fleeting moments may pass very quickly. A happy life is one in which a
person enjoys the satisfaction of his mind and heart. The importance of
happiness becomes clear in this dull and dreary life. Because life is a long
process of getting tired and there can only be merriment that keeps the world
going round. Since the dawn of life, man has been hankering after all the
luxuries and pursuits of life. “The enjoyments of this life are not equal
to its evils.”
When happiness is compared with sadness, we conclude that
happiness is a bed of roses and despair is a bed of
thorns. The most tremendous sadness is expressed by a person who tells that
“it is misery to be born, a pain to live and a trouble to die.” “He
is born with other’s pain and dies in his own.”
If there is no happiness in life, though life is short, it’s long
enough to ruin any man who wants to be ruined. Life may become
happy if our desires are fulfilled to too much extent. Every person wishes for
something in his life because where there is a will, there is wishful
thinking. I have learned to seek my happiness by limiting my desires rather
than attempting to satisfy them. Life may become happy if we enjoy our good
health. There is no substitute for good health. However, a man may
know, that it is not valuable unless he possesses physical vigour.
He can enjoy eating, walking, sleeping, everything he can enjoy. He can face
every problem of the world.
Passage No 5
College life offers a free life to students. It is interesting and joyous. College life has rightly been
called the golden period of one’s life. The students are concerned with eating,
playing and studying; college is a proper place to get proper education and
training. It helps us to be perfect men. It also helps us to grow our own
personality. It teaches us discipline, manners and etiquette. College life is
quite different from school life. Here one is freer. The relationship between
the teacher and taught is more cordial. One is free here to express his ideas.
We learn in college the social value of life and the spirit of self-help.
College life, in spite of all its cares and burdens, remains incomparable as a
whole. The main function of the college is to
prepare its students to be true citizens of the country. So, it is equal.
They know that anything and everything will not be publicly attentive to their
academic and extra-academic life. It aims at imparting them with good education and,
at the same time, developing their mind and body.
Precis of the Passage No. 5
College
life is a valuable and enjoyable experience that helps students grow
academically and personally. It offers freedom to focus on studies and
extracurricular activities while teaching discipline, manners, and social
values. Their relationship is cordial, and students
are encouraged to express their ideas. College prepares students to be
responsible citizens through good education and the development of mind and
body. It is an incomparable experience that shapes students' lives. (70 words)
Title: The Significance of College Life
Precis of the Passage No. 6
Global
warming is caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels and
deforestation, and its consequences include rising sea levels, severe weather
events, and loss of biodiversity. Urgent action is needed to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions through sustainable practices and renewable energy sources.
Governments, businesses, and individuals all have a role to play in addressing
climate change to prevent catastrophic consequences for future generations. (65 words)
Title:
Global Warming
Precis of the Passage No. 7
The
United Nations Organization (UNO) was established in 1945 to promote
international cooperation and prevent war. It achieves this through diplomacy,
humanitarian aid, and peacekeeping efforts. The UNO's peacekeeping missions
have been successful in reducing violence and promoting stability in
conflict-ridden regions. While the UNO's efforts have not always been
successful, its presence and efforts remain essential tools in promoting
peace and security on Earth. (66 words)
Title:
Role of UNO in Peace Process
Precis
of the Passage No. 8
Political
instability in third-world countries is often caused by a combination of
factors, including corruption, weak institutions, and economic
underdevelopment. These issues can lead to social unrest, violence, and a lack
of trust in the government, which can further exacerbate instability. Addressing
these root causes is essential for promoting stability and ensuring long-term
progress in these nations. (58 words)
Title:
Political Instability in Third-world
Precis No. 9
Title:
The Negative Impacts of Smuggling
Smuggling
is the illegal transport of goods across borders, done mainly to avoid taxes
and regulatory restrictions. It has severe consequences on society and can
facilitate other illegal activities. Sophisticated techniques are used by
smugglers to avoid detection, such as hidden compartments, false documentation,
or bribery. Governments have implemented measures to combat smuggling, but it
still remains a significant problem. Smuggling can also have severe
environmental consequences and lead to the illegal trade of endangered species.
It is important for individuals and governments to take action to prevent and
prosecute smuggling activities. (92 Words)
Precis No 10
Title:
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Business
Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized
the way businesses operate, enabling faster and more accurate decision-making
through the analysis of vast amounts of data. AI can be used to automate
routine tasks, leading to increased productivity and efficiency, and cost
savings. However, the use of AI raises ethical concerns such as privacy and
bias, which must be addressed to ensure its ethical and transparent use.
Despite these concerns, the use of AI is becoming a competitive advantage for
businesses across industries, driving innovation and growth. As AI technology
continues to evolve, its impact on business is expected to be even greater.
(100 words)
Passage No 9
Trees give shade for
the benefit of others and while they themselves stand in the sun and endure
scorching heat, they produce the fruit by which others profit. The character of
good men is like that of trees. What is the use of this perishable body, if no
use of it is made for the benefit of mankind? Sandalwood- the more is rubbed
the more scent does it yield. Sugarcane – the more it is peeled and cut into
pieces, the more juice does it produce. Gold- the more it is burnth, the more
brightly does it shine. The man who are notable at heart do not lose these
qualities even in losing their lives. What does it matter whether men praise
them or not? What difference does it make whether riches abide with them or
not? What does it signify whether they
die at the moment or whether their lives are prolonged? Happen what ay, those
who tread in the right path will not set foot in any other. Life itself is
unprofitable to man who does not live for others. To live for the mere sake of living
one’s life is to live the life of dogs and cows. Those who lay down their lives
for the sake of a friend, or even for the sake of a stranger, will assuredly
dwell forever in a world of bliss. (229) /3 =76
Precis of the Passage:
The passage highlights the importance of virtuous
life that benefits others. It draws an analogy between the character of good
men and the qualities of various natural resources, such as fruit-bearing
trees, sandalwood, sugarcane, and gold. The value of life lies in how one uses
it to serve others, and those who sacrifice their lives for the sake of others will
attain eternal happiness. A life of service and selflessness, regardless of
whether they receive recognition or material rewards. (78 words)
Title: A Life of Services and Unselfishness
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